Trusted Execution Environment ( TEE ): The Core Technology of the Web3 Era

1. Overview of TEE

Trusted Execution Environment ( TEE ) is a hardware-based secure execution environment that ensures that data is not tampered with, stolen, or leaked during computation. TEE provides additional security protection for sensitive data and computations by creating isolated areas within the CPU.

Core features of TEE:

• Isolation: TEE operates in a protected CPU area, isolated from the operating system and other applications.
• Integrity: Ensure that the code and data are not tampered with during execution.
• Confidentiality: The internal data of TEE cannot be accessed externally, even the device manufacturer cannot read it.
• Remote attestation: It can be verified externally that the code executed by the TEE is trusted.

Why does Web3 need TEE?

1. Addressing privacy issues on the blockchain
2. Mitigating the Maximum Extractable Value (MEV) issue (
3. Breakthrough the performance bottleneck of Web3 computing
4. Enhance the credibility of the DePIN) decentralized physical infrastructure network(

2. TEE Technology Insider

) Comparison of Mainstream TEE Technologies

1. Intel SGX

   • Enclave-based memory isolation
   • Hardware-level memory encryption
   • Support remote proofing
   • Limitations: Memory constraints, susceptible to side-channel attacks

2. AMD SEV

   • Full memory encryption
   • Multi-VM Isolation
   • Only applicable in virtualized environments

3. ARM TrustZone

   • Lightweight Architecture
   • System-level TEE support
   • Low security level

4. RISC-V Keystone

   • Fully Open Source
   • Flexible security policies
   • Suitable for decentralized computing

How does TEE ensure data security?

• Encrypted storage: Only TEE internal applications can decrypt external encrypted data.
• Remote attestation: verifying whether the code running in the TEE is trustworthy
• Side channel attack protection: using methods such as memory encryption and data access randomization.

3. The Application of TEE in the Cryptographic World

decentralized computing

• Akash Network: A decentralized cloud computing marketplace empowered by TEE.
• Ankr Network: Providing secure remote computing and censorship-resistant computing resources using TEE.

MEV Trading Protection

• Flashbots combines TEE to achieve trustless transaction ordering
• EigenLayer ensures the fairness of the re-staking mechanism through TEE.

Privacy-Preserving Computation

• Nillion: A decentralized privacy computing network that combines TEE and MPC.
• Protecting user data privacy in the DePIN ecosystem

Decentralized AI

• Bittensor: Protecting AI training data using TEE
• Gensyn:TEE ensures the data confidentiality of decentralized AI computing.

DeFi Privacy and Decentralized Identity

• Secret Network: Uses TEE to protect smart contract execution, enabling private transactions.
• TEE can be used for the secure storage of user identity information.

4. Future Prospects of TEE

TEE promotes the development of decentralized infrastructure

• Solve the trust issue in decentralized computing
• Protect user privacy
• Enhance computing performance

TEE's business model and token economic opportunities

• Decentralized Computing Market
• Privacy Computing Service
• Distributed Computing and Storage
• Blockchain Infrastructure Supply

Key development directions of TEE in the next five years

1. Deep integration with Web3: DeFi, privacy computing, decentralized AI, etc.
2. Hardware and protocol innovation: Next-generation TEE solutions, integration with other privacy technologies
3. Regulatory Compliance and Privacy Protection: Adapting to Global Data Protection Requirements

5. Summary

TEE, as a core technology of the Web3 era, will play an important role in decentralized computing, privacy protection, and smart contracts. With technological innovation and ecosystem development, TEE is expected to drive Web3 towards a more secure, efficient, and privacy-friendly future.

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